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发表于 2022-5-2 11:33
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2022-5-2 11:39 编辑 8 [# K6 ~: A8 S) t
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Ad Hominem Fallacy
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Ad hominem means “against the man,” and this type of fallacy is sometimes called name calling or the personal attack fallacy. This type of fallacy occurs when someone attacks the person instead of attacking his or her argument.
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Person 1:' x: `* @3 i6 ?& C, q3 t# e6 D+ }- F
I am for raising the minimum wage in our state.* u0 u- {0 a% t
# A. c* |# X) [* O7 UPerson 2:
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She is for raising the minimum wage, but she is not smart enough to even run a business.% {$ W2 Z" w1 {, r b4 A
. E* |" E6 }8 j D) s* M' t Y4 n' MAn ad hominem argument is a personal attack against the source of an argument, rather than against the argument itself. Essentially, this means that ad hominem arguments are used to attack opposing views indirectly, by attacking the individuals or groups that support these views.5 n" o) A3 B$ w) _6 v; ~7 h
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Ad hominem arguments can take many forms, from basic name-calling to more complex rhetoric. For example, an ad hominem argument can involve simply insulting a person instead of properly replying to a point that they raised, or it can involve questioning their motives in response to their criticism of the current state of things.
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Ad hominem 的意思是“人身攻击”,这种谬误有时被称为辱骂谬误或人身攻击谬误。当有人攻击这个人而不是攻击他或她的论点时,就会发生这种类型的谬误。: q! R( e/ a/ ]# F3 [2 e
( Y+ h; u$ K, L/ M% R3 C第 1 个人:
Z e. H9 `: F+ i/ S9 u3 ^我支持提高我们州的最低工资。$ A( \' a, E+ u0 S* L: I
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+ n f! e/ C+ d* Y! O E" F7 ?她是为了提高最低工资,但她还不够聪明,甚至不能经营一家企业。6 I. x) f/ Y; n- U3 o
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ad hominem 论点是对论点来源的人身攻击,而不是对论点本身的攻击。从本质上讲,这意味着通过攻击支持这些观点的个人或团体,使用人身攻击的论点来间接攻击相反的观点。
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( ?# M; X7 C+ g6 p( m ^人身攻击可以采取多种形式,从基本的辱骂到更复杂的修辞。例如,一个人身攻击的论点可能涉及简单地侮辱一个人,而不是正确地回答他们提出的观点,或者它可能涉及质疑他们的动机以回应他们对当前事物状态的批评。
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